Difference between perfect square and a number that can be expressed as product of consecutive integers:

By Ali Khan -
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A perfect square is a number that can be expressed as the product of an integer by itself or as the second exponent of an integer¹. For example, 1, 4, 9, and 16 are perfect squares because they are the squares of 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively. A perfect square can also be written as x^2, where x is an integer. A number that can be expressed as a product of consecutive integers is a number that can be obtained by multiplying two or more integers that follow each other in order. For example, 6, 24, and 120 are numbers that can be expressed as products of consecutive integers because they are equal to 2 x 3, 2 x 3 x 4, and 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 respectively. A number that can be expressed as a product of consecutive integers can also be written as x(x + 1)(x + 2)...(x + n), where x and n are integers. The difference between a perfect square and a number that can be expressed as a product of consecutive integers is that a perfect square has only one factor pair that consists of the same integer, whi
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What is C programing language ?

By Ali Khan -

A brief History And Introduction to C language:

 

C is a programming language developed at AT & T’s Bell Laboratories of USA in 1972. It was designed and written by a man named Dennis Ritchie. In the late seventies C began to replace the more familiar languages of that time like PL/I, ALGOL, etc. No one pushed C. It wasn’t made the ‘official’ Bell Labs language. Thus, without any advertisement, C’s reputation spread and its pool of users grew. Ritchie seems to have been rather surprised that so many programmers preferred C to older languages like FORTRAN or PL/I, or the newer ones like Pascal and APL. But, that’s what happened. Possibly why C seems so popular is because it is reliable, simple and easy to use. Moreover, in an industry where newer languages, tools and technologies emerge and vanish day in and day out, a language that has survived for more than three decades has to be really good. An opinion that is often heard today is—“C has been already superseded by languages like C++, C# and Java, so why bother to learn C today”. I seriously beg to differ with this opinion. There are several reasons for this. These are as follows: (a) C++, C# or Java make use of a principle called Object Oriented Programming (OOP) to organize the program. This organizing principle has lots of advantages to offer. But even while using this organizing principle you would still need a good hold over the language elements of C and the basic programming skills. So it makes more sense to first learn C and then migrate to C++, C# and Java. Though this two-step learning process may take more time, but at the end of it you will definitely find it worth the trouble. (b) Major parts of popular operating systems like Windows, UNIX, Linux and Android are written in C. This is because even today when it comes to performance (speed of execution) nothing beats C. Moreover, if one is to extend the operating system to work with new devices one needs to write device driver programs. These programs are exclusively written in C. (c) Mobile devices like Smartphones and Tablets have become rage of today. Also, common consumer devices like microwave ovens, washing machines and digital cameras are getting smarter by the day. This smartness comes from a microprocessor, an operating system and a program embedded in these devices. These programs not only have to run fast but also have to work in limited amount of memory. No wonder that such programs are written in C. With these constraints on time and space, C is the language of choice while building such operating systems and programs. (d) You must have seen several professional 3D computer games where the user navigates some object, like say a spaceship and fires bullets at the invaders. The essence of all such games is speed. Needless to say, such games won’t become popular if they take a long time to move the spaceship or to fire a bullet. To match the expectations of the player the game has to react fast to the user inputs. This is where C language scores over other languages. Many popular gaming frameworks (like DirectX) have been built using C language. (e) At times one is required to very closely interact with the hardware devices. Since C provides several language elements that make this interaction feasible without compromising the performance, it is the preferred choice of the programmer. I hope that these are very convincing reasons why you should adopt C as the first, and a very important step, in your quest for learning programming.

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